His wife's cousin Isaac Smith was one of the ship's crew. Joining him on the expedition were astronomer Charles Green, botanist Joseph Banks, his assistants Daniel Solander and Diedrich Spöring, and artists Alexander Buchan and Sydney Parkinson. In May 1768 Cook was promoted to lieutenant and given command of the research vessel HMS Endeavour for a scientific expedition to the South Pacific on behalf of the Royal Society. During this time, two more children were born: Nathaniel on 14 December 1764 and Elizabeth on 14/15 September 1766. Each year, he returned to England for the winter months before resuming his work in North America. The task of surveying Newfoundland lasted almost five years. His family would live in the eight-roomed house at No 7 Assembly Row until after his death. Ĭook returned to England seven weeks later and soon after bought the long-term leasehold of a substantial house in Mile End Old Town, in London's east end. While he was away, his wife gave birth to their first child, James, at Shadwell on 13 October 1763. He sailed to North America in April 1763 to survey the north and west coasts of Newfoundland. James Cook of ye Parish of St Paul Shadwell in the County of Middlesex Batchelor and Elizabeth Batts of ye Parish of Barking in the County of Essex Spinster were married in this Church by ye Archbishop of Canterbury Licence … by George Denning Vicar of Little Wakering Essex. They were married on 21 December 1762 at St Margaret’s Church in Barking, Essex. Shortly after his return to England in 1762, he married Elizabeth Batts, the daughter of Samuel Batts, landlord of the Bell Inn, Execution Dock, Wapping. In 1759 he and other ships’ masters surveyed the Traverse in the St Lawrence River, enabling the British fleet to pass safely and attack Quebec. He served in North America on board the warships HMS Pembroke and HMS Northumberland during the Seven Years’ War, developing his knowledge of hydrographic surveying-the technique of measuring water depths and underwater hazards. After two years of service he passed the master’s examination, qualifying him to navigate and handle ships of the Royal Navy. He began as an able seaman on HMS Eagle and within a month was promoted to master’s mate. Years later, he would command similar Whitby-built ships on his historic Pacific voyages. He spent the next few years as a seaman for shipowner John Walker of Whitby, sailing the dangerous and unpredictable waters of the North Sea coal trade. He began as a shop boy for a grocer and haberdasher before joining the merchant navy as an apprentice. At age 16 or 17, he was sent to work in the fishing village of Staithes on the Yorkshire coast. He attended school in the nearby village of Great Ayton where his father had found work as a farm foreman. He was baptised at the parish church of St Cuthbert’s on 3 November, and entered in the parish register as: “James, ye son of a day labourer.” James Cook was born on 27 October 1728 in the two-roomed mud cottage of his parents, James Cook and Grace Pace, in the village of Marton-in-Cleveland, North Yorkshire. His contributions included charting the coasts of New Zealand, eastern Australia, north-west America and numerous Pacific islands, disproving the existence of a great southern continent, and scientific discoveries in the fields of natural history and ethnology. He made three historic voyages to the Pacific, to become the first recorded European to reach the east coast of Australia and the Hawaiian Islands. James Cook RN was born in Yorkshire, England.Ĭaptain James Cook FRS was a British explorer, navigator, cartographer and naval officer.
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